The Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Adults in Al Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is commonly used by healthy individuals for several reasons. This study estimated the prevalence, pattern, perceptions, and factors associated with CAM practices.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among the adult residents of the Al Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics and Multivariable logistic regression analysis were computed to determine the factors that predict CAM use.

Out of 861 adults interviewed, 86.4% reported using CAM. The most common CAM modalities were Quran recitation (57%), prayer (53%), honey and bee products (53%), myrrh (50%), medicinal herbs mix (43%), and Zamzam water (42%). Age (40-59 years) was significantly associated with higher CAM use (p<0.05). However, the use of conventional medicines within the last 12 months and the monthly income of 5.000-10.000 SR were significantly associated with a decrease in the rate of CAM use. Females who are married, not currently employed, with monthly income (>10,000 SR) were reported to experience greater satisfaction with their CAM therapies (p<0.001).

There is a high prevalence of CAM use in the Al Qassim region, with age identified as the most significant predictor of CAM utilization. Although males reported higher usage of CAM, females showed greater satisfaction with CAM therapies. The highest rate of spiritual CAM therapies was not surprising due to the strong religious beliefs and culture of the Saudi population.

More research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of CAM and to identify the most effective therapies for different health conditions, enabling more informed decision-making.