The Role of Herbal Supplements in Type 2 Diabetes Management: An Evidence from a Systematic Review

Despite the increasing global prevalence of diabetes, herbal supplements are becoming increasingly popular as complementary therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes and its complications. This review examines their potential role in glycaemic control and diabetes care.

A thorough search was conducted across multiple databases, including the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, supplemented by manual reviews to identify relevant studies. Key outcomes assessed were glycaemic control, lipid levels, safety, and metabolic markers. Study selection followed the PRISMA flow diagram, and data extraction was performed using a standardized, pilot-tested form. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2) was employed to evaluate study quality.

Several herbs—such as cinnamon, fenugreek, ginger, and saffron—showed potential in improving HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin sensitivity, and cholesterol levels, though some studies reported limited effects on glycaemic control. Curcumin, especially in nano-formulations or paired with piperine, significantly reduced FBG and HbA1c while enhancing β-cell function (HOMA-β). Fenugreek seed powder modestly lowered FBG and HbA1c, with more pronounced benefits on lipids. Ginger supplementation improved FBG, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, and antioxidant status. Moringa yielded mixed results, with some studies noting postprandial glucose reductions but no significant glycaemic improvements. Saffron improved FBG and lipid profiles without notable effects on inflammation or oxidative stress.

They may serve as complementary treatments alongside conventional antidiabetic drugs, particularly for patients preferring natural options or those with mild to moderate T2DM. Future research should explore longer-term interventions and combination therapies for more definitive conclusions.